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Dog Breed

Croatian Sheepdog

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Croatian Sheepdog

Origin: Croatia

Breed Group: Herding (AKC Foundation Stock Service)

Physical Characteristics

Size: Medium

Height: Male Height: 16–20 inches (40–50 cm), Female Height: 16–20 inches (40–50 cm)

Weight: Male Weight: 29–44 lbs (13–20 kg), Female Weight: 29–44 lbs (13–20 kg)

Coat Type: Medium-length, wavy to curly, dense

Coat Colors: Black (may have small white markings on chest or toes)

Grooming Needs: Low to Moderate

Shedding: Moderate

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Energetic, loyal, intelligent, alert, trainable

Intelligence Level: High

Energy Level: High

Health Information

Lifespan: 12–14 years

Common Health Issues: Generally healthy; may be prone to minor joint issues

Care

Nutrition Needs: Balanced, high-quality diet for active dogs; monitor weight and energy needs

Exercise Needs: High – thrives on daily physical and mental stimulation; enjoys herding, agility, and obedience work

Space Requirements: Needs space to run; best in rural or suburban homes with a yard

Noise Sensitivity: Moderate

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: Moderate to High

Socialization Tips: Highly trainable; excels with consistent, positive reinforcement and structured tasks

Good with Children: Yes, typically sociable with proper socialization

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, typically sociable with proper socialization

Good with Other Pets: Yes, though may try to herd smaller animals

Training: Highly trainable; excels with consistent, positive reinforcement and structured tasks

Description

The Croatian Sheepdog is a highly intelligent and agile herding breed native to Croatia, traditionally used for managing livestock and protecting farms. This breed is known for its loyalty, quick reflexes, and trainability, making it a versatile working and companion dog. The curly to wavy coat offers protection from the elements and requires regular brushing to manage moderate shedding. With their high energy levels, Croatian Sheepdogs need plenty of daily physical and mental activity, and they excel in obedience, herding, and dog sports.

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History

The Croatian Sheepdog (Hrvatski Ovčar) is an ancient herding breed originating from Croatia, with roots dating back to the Migration Period in the 7th century. It has been bred and used primarily in the fertile plains of Slavonia for centuries, where it served as a versatile herding dog and guardian.

Key Points

Ancient Origins: The breed is believed to have descended from dogs brought by Croats during their migration to the region. The earliest written record of the Croatian Sheepdog dates back to 1374, when Bishop Petar of Đakovo described it as a medium-sized black dog with a curly coat and excellent herding instincts.
Development: Over centuries, the breed was selectively bred for its working abilities rather than appearance. It was used to herd sheep, cattle, pigs, and even horses, showcasing its versatility. Its ability to control livestock with precision made it highly valued by farmers.
Modern Breeding Efforts: In 1935, veterinarian Prof. Dr. Stjepan Romić initiated a systematic breeding program in Đakovo to preserve the breed. After decades of work, the Croatian Sheepdog was officially recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1969.
Recognition: The breed is recognized by major kennel clubs, including the United Kennel Club (UKC), and is eligible for participation in various herding trials and competitions.
Today, the Croatian Sheepdog remains a versatile working dog in its native Croatia but is also gaining popularity as a companion dog due to its intelligence and loyalty. It excels in herding trials and agility sports but requires regular physical and mental stimulation to thrive. While less common outside Croatia, it continues to be cherished for its historical significance and adaptability.

Ideal Owner

Active individuals or families who can provide mental and physical outlets for a hardworking, agile dog

Similar Breeds

Border Collie, Mudi, Belgian Sheepdog, Australian Shepherd