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Dog Breed

Cairn Terrier

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Cairn Terrier

Origin: Scotland (Isle of Skye)

Breed Group: Terrier

Physical Characteristics

Size: Small

Height: Males: 10 inches (25 cm), Females: 9.5 inches (24 cm)

Weight: Males: 14 lbs (6.5 kg), Females: 13 lbs (6 kg)

Coat Type: Harsh, weather-resistant outer coat with soft undercoat

Coat Colors: Cream, wheaten, red, gray, brindle, or black (not white)

Grooming Needs: Moderate (hand-stripping recommended)

Shedding: Low to Moderate

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Cheerful, alert, independent, bold

Intelligence Level: High

Energy Level: Moderate to High

Health Information

Lifespan: 13–15 years

Common Health Issues: Craniomandibular osteopathy, allergies, luxating patella, liver shunt

Care

Nutrition Needs: Balanced small-breed diet with portion control

Exercise Needs: 45–60 minutes daily; enjoys walks, games, and exploring

Space Requirements: Adaptable; well-suited for apartments or houses with yards

Noise Sensitivity: Moderate (can be vocal)

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: High

Socialization Tips: Intelligent but stubborn; needs firm, positive training and mental stimulation

Good with Children: Yes, generally friendly but may challenge larger dogs

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, generally friendly but may challenge larger dogs

Good with Other Pets: No, high prey drive makes them prone to chasing smaller animals

Training: Intelligent but stubborn; needs firm, positive training and mental stimulation

Description

The Cairn Terrier is a lively, clever, and sturdy little dog, originally bred in Scotland for hunting rats and other vermin. Most famously known as Toto in The Wizard of Oz, Cairns are bold and affectionate companions with a ton of personality in a small package. Their wire-haired coat sheds very little, but it requires regular brushing and hand-stripping to maintain its rugged look. Training is best done with consistency and fun, as Cairns are independent thinkers. With their medium to high energy, they enjoy walks, playtime, and interactive toys.

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History

The Cairn Terrier is a small, energetic breed originating from the Scottish Highlands, recognized as one of Scotland's earliest working dogs. Its history dates back to at least the 14th century, with early records indicating its use in controlling vermin such as foxes, badgers, otters, and rodents.

Key Points

Ancient Origins: Cairn Terriers descended from a common pool of terrier-type dogs in Scotland, particularly in the Western Highlands and the Isle of Skye. They were used to bolt quarry from cairns, piles of stones used as landmarks or memorials.
Development: Initially known as "Short-haired Skye Terriers," the breed was later named Cairn Terrier to distinguish it from the Skye Terrier. The name change occurred when the breed was officially recognized by kennel clubs in the early 20th century.
Historical Use: Traditionally, Cairns worked in packs to control vermin that threatened game and livestock. They were valued for their bravery, tenacity, and intelligence.
Recognition: The Cairn Terrier was recognized by The Kennel Club in the UK in 1910 and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1903. It was given a separate register by The Kennel Club in 1912.
Today, Cairn Terriers are cherished as family pets due to their friendly, outgoing nature. They are active dogs that require regular exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom.

Dog Breed

Cairn Terrier

Breed Overview

Physical Characteristics

Behavioral Traits

Health Information

Care

Socialization and Training

Description

History

Key Points

Ideal Owner

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