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Dog Breed

Pekingese

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Pekingese

Origin: China

Breed Group: Toy

Physical Characteristics

Size: Small

Height: Male: 6–9 inches (15–23 cm), Female: 6–9 inches (15–23 cm)

Weight: Male: 7–14 lbs (3–6.5 kg), Female: 7–14 lbs (3–6.5 kg)

Coat Type: Long, straight outer coat with thick undercoat; profuse mane

Coat Colors: All colors and markings acceptable

Grooming Needs: High (daily brushing, regular cleaning of facial folds)

Shedding: Moderate to High

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Dignified, loyal, affectionate, independent, alert

Intelligence Level: Moderate

Energy Level: Low to Moderate

Health Information

Lifespan: 12–14 years

Common Health Issues: Brachycephalic syndrome, eye problems, heart disease, intervertebral disc disease

Care

Nutrition Needs: High-quality, small-breed diet; avoid overfeeding to maintain a healthy weight

Exercise Needs: Low – short walks and indoor play are sufficient

Space Requirements: Very well-suited for apartment or small-space living

Noise Sensitivity: Moderate (alert but not overly noisy)

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: Moderate

Socialization Tips: Can be stubborn—requires patience, positive reinforcement, and consistency

Good with Children: Yes, generally tolerant

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, generally tolerant

Good with Other Pets: Yes, especially with proper introductions

Training: Can be stubborn—requires patience, positive reinforcement, and consistency

Description

The Pekingese is a dignified and ancient companion breed, once kept exclusively by Chinese royalty. These small but bold dogs are known for their lion-like appearance, regal attitude, and loyal devotion to their families. Despite their size, they are confident and independent, often choosing their own schedule and pace.

Their luxurious double coat sheds heavily, especially during seasonal changes, and requires frequent brushing (several times per week) to prevent mats and tangles. Pekingese enjoy short walks and lounging indoors, and they do best with gentle, consistent training that respects their proud nature.

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History

Origin: The Pekingese is an ancient toy dog breed originating in China, with a history dating back over 2,000 years. It was bred exclusively for the Chinese Imperial family and was considered a sacred companion, forbidden to be owned by commoners. The breed was developed to resemble a miniature lion, a powerful symbol in Buddhist mythology, reflecting the lion guardian statues seen in temples. Buddhist monks selectively bred small dogs with abundant manes and flat faces to create this "lion dog," which became a symbol of nobility and spiritual protection.
Development: The Pekingese was carefully bred within the Chinese Imperial court, maintaining strict lineage and appearance standards. The dogs were pampered and protected, with harsh penalties, including death, for anyone who mistreated or removed them from the palace. Their physical traits evolved over centuries toward a distinctive flat face, long flowing coat, and compact body with short legs. The breed remained isolated in China until the mid-19th century.
Recognition: The Pekingese was introduced to the Western world during the Second Opium War in 1860, when British and French troops looted the Old Summer Palace in Beijing. Several Pekingese were taken to England, including one named Looty, presented to Queen Victoria. This event sparked interest in the breed among the British middle class, who began breeding Pekingese dogs. The breed quickly became popular in Europe and America, leading to the establishment of breed standards. Today, the Pekingese is recognized by all major kennel clubs worldwide, including the American Kennel Club (AKC).
Today, the Pekingese remains a beloved companion dog known for its dignified, independent temperament and distinctive lion-like appearance. It is a small, sturdy toy breed with a long, flowing double coat, a flat face, and a proud carriage. While affectionate and loyal to its family, the Pekingese can be reserved with strangers. It requires regular grooming due to its thick coat and benefits from moderate exercise. The breed’s noble history and unique look continue to make it a favorite among toy dog enthusiasts worldwide.

Ideal Owner

Calm individuals or families looking for a regal, loving lap dog with a big personality

Similar Breeds

Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Japanese Chin, Tibetan Spaniel