Image Source: AI Image Generator

Dog Breed

Schipperke

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Schipperke

Origin: Belgium

Breed Group: Non-Sporting

Physical Characteristics

Size: Small

Height: Male: 11–13 inches (28–33 cm), Female: 10–12 inches (25–30 cm)

Weight: Male: 10–16 lbs (4.5–7.3 kg), Female: 10–16 lbs (4.5–7.3 kg)

Coat Type: Thick, straight, and abundant double coat

Coat Colors: Solid black (most common); also cream, fawn, red, or blue in non-AKC registries

Grooming Needs: Moderate (weekly brushing; more during seasonal shedding)

Shedding: Moderate to High

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Alert, curious, confident, independent, energetic

Intelligence Level: High

Energy Level: High

Health Information

Lifespan: 13–16 years

Common Health Issues: Hip dysplasia, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, eye disorders (like PRA)

Care

Nutrition Needs: High-quality small-breed diet; watch for overeating and weight gain

Exercise Needs: High – needs daily walks, play, and mental stimulation

Space Requirements: Very adaptable; great for apartments if well-exercised

Noise Sensitivity: High (can be vocal and alert)

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: High

Socialization Tips: Intelligent but independent; benefits from fun, consistent positive training

Good with Children: Yes, generally sociable with early socialization

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, generally sociable with early socialization

Good with Other Pets: Yes, but may chase smaller animals due to strong prey drive

Training: Intelligent but independent; benefits from fun, consistent positive training

Description

The Schipperke is a feisty, fox-like little watchdog from Belgium, originally bred to guard barges and catch vermin. Though small in size, Schipperkes have a big personality—they're brave, alert, and always on the move.

Their long, dense black coat features a distinctive mane or ruff around the neck, and while it's relatively easy to maintain, it does shed heavily during seasonal changes. Regular brushing helps control loose hair and keeps their coat in good shape. Schipperkes are very intelligent, but their strong will and curiosity mean training must be fun, firm, and consistent.

AI Image Generator

History

Origin: The Schipperke is a small breed that originated in the 1600s in Flanders, a region now split between Belgium and France. Its exact origins are debated: some believe it is a miniature version of an ancient black Belgian Sheepdog (the Leuvenaar), others think it descends from northern Spitz-type dogs, and a third theory suggests a cross between the German Pomeranian and a terrier. What is clear is that the breed has existed for over 300 years in the Belgian provinces of Antwerp and Brabant, especially around Brussels and Leuven.
Development: Initially, Schipperkes were owned by shopkeepers, tradesmen, and craftsmen, serving as ratters and watchdogs in homes, shops, and on canal barges. Despite the breed’s name—meaning "little captain" or "little boatman" in Flemish—its primary role was not as a barge dog, but rather as a versatile working and companion dog. The breed was also known as "Spits" or "Spitske," and sometimes "Moorke" ("little black animal"). Schipperkes were featured in their own specialty show as early as 1690 in Brussels, where they were adorned with elaborate brass collars. The breed’s popularity soared in 1885 when Queen Marie Henrietta of Belgium purchased a Schipperke at a Brussels show, making it fashionable among the upper classes.
Recognition: After gaining royal favor, the Schipperke rapidly spread beyond Belgium, being imported to Britain, the United States, and Australia within a few years. The breed standard was written in 1889, and the Schipperke was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1904. Today, it is recognized by major kennel clubs worldwide, although there are some variations in breed standards between organizations.
Today: Modern Schipperkes are valued for their intelligence, loyalty, alertness, and devotion. They retain many of the traits of their ancestors—being excellent watchdogs, enthusiastic ratters, and lively companions. Their foxy face, upright ears, and thick black coat give them a distinctive spitz-like appearance, though their precise relationship to spitz breeds remains debated. The breed is still celebrated for its obedience and adaptability, making it a popular choice for families and active individuals alike.

Ideal Owner

Active individuals or families seeking a small, bold, and loyal watchdog-companion

Similar Breeds

Pomeranian, Miniature American Eskimo, Finnish Spitz, Norwegian Buhund