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Dog Breed

German Shepherd

Breed Overview

Breed Name: German Shepherd

Origin: Germany

Breed Group: Herding

Physical Characteristics

Size: Large

Height: Males: 24–26 inches (61–66 cm), Females: 22–24 inches (56–61 cm)

Weight: Males: 65–90 lbs (29–41 kg), Females: 50–70 lbs (23–32 kg)

Coat Type: Medium-length, dense double coat (can also be long-haired)

Coat Colors: Black & tan, sable, all black, all white (less common)

Grooming Needs: Moderate to High

Shedding: High (especially during seasonal changes)

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Loyal, protective, intelligent, confident

Intelligence Level: Very High

Energy Level: High

Health Information

Lifespan: 9–13 years

Common Health Issues: Hip and elbow dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, bloat, allergies

Care

Nutrition Needs: High-protein diet; joint-supporting supplements recommended

Exercise Needs: At least 1.5–2 hours daily; thrives on structured activities like obedience and agility training

Space Requirements: Best in homes with yards; can adapt to apartments with sufficient exercise

Noise Sensitivity: Moderate

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: High

Socialization Tips: Highly trainable; excels in obedience, protection, and search-and-rescue work

Good with Children: Yes, with proper socialization

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, with proper socialization

Good with Other Pets: Yes, but may have a high prey drive

Training: Highly trainable; excels in obedience, protection, and search-and-rescue work

Description

The German Shepherd is a versatile and intelligent breed known for its loyalty, courage, and work ethic. Originally bred for herding sheep, the GSD has become a top choice for police, military, and search-and-rescue work. Their strong bond with their family makes them excellent companions and guardians.

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History

Origins: The breed originated from traditional German herding dogs used to manage sheep. In 1899, Max von Stephanitz encountered a herding dog named Hektor Linksrhein at a dog show. Impressed by its intelligence, strength, and work ethic, he purchased the dog, renamed it Horand von Grafrath, and designated it as the foundation of the German Shepherd breed.
Development: Von Stephanitz established the Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde (Society for German Shepherd Dogs) in 1899 to oversee breeding standards. Horand was bred with other carefully selected dogs from regions like Thuringia, Franconia, and Württemberg to refine the breed. Inbreeding was initially used to fix desired traits.
Global Spread: The breed gained popularity worldwide due to its versatility. It was exported to the United States in 1906 and formally recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1908. During World Wars I and II, its name was changed to "Alsatian" in Britain to avoid anti-German sentiment.
Today, German Shepherds are one of the most popular breeds globally. They excel in diverse roles such as police work, search-and-rescue missions, military service, guide dogs for the visually impaired, and family companions. Their adaptability and intelligence make them suitable for active households or working environments.

Ideal Owner

Active individuals, experienced dog owners, working-dog enthusiasts