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Dog Breed

Norwegian Elkhound

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Norwegian Elkhound

Origin: Norway

Breed Group: Hound

Physical Characteristics

Size: Medium

Height: Male: 20.5 inches (52 cm), Female: 19.5 inches (50 cm)

Weight: Male: 55 lbs (25 kg), Female: 48 lbs (22 kg)

Coat Type: Thick, weather-resistant double coat; straight outer coat with dense undercoat

Coat Colors: Gray with black-tipped hairs, black muzzle, and ears

Grooming Needs: Moderate to High (frequent brushing during shedding seasons)

Shedding: High

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Bold, friendly, loyal, alert, confident

Intelligence Level: High

Energy Level: High

Health Information

Lifespan: 12–15 years

Common Health Issues: Hip dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), hypothyroidism

Care

Nutrition Needs: Balanced, high-quality diet for active medium breeds; monitor weight

Exercise Needs: High – needs daily vigorous activity, hiking, or play

Space Requirements: Best with a yard or access to open space; not ideal for sedentary lifestyles

Noise Sensitivity: Moderate to High (can be vocal, especially when alerting)

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: High

Socialization Tips: Intelligent but independent—needs confident, consistent training with positive reinforcement

Good with Children: Yes, usually friendly

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, usually friendly

Good with Other Pets: Yes, if raised together—may chase small animals due to hunting instincts

Training: Intelligent but independent—needs confident, consistent training with positive reinforcement

Description

The Norwegian Elkhound is a rugged and noble hunting spitz, one of Norway’s oldest breeds, developed to track and hold large game like moose and bear. These dogs are loyal, alert, and highly spirited, known for their strong-willed nature and endurance in cold, challenging terrain.

Their thick, weather-resistant double coat requires frequent brushing, particularly during seasonal shedding, when it comes out in large clumps. Elkhounds are intelligent and responsive, but also independent and vocal, so early training, socialization, and plenty of exercise are key to a well-balanced companion.

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History

Origin: The Norwegian Elkhound is an ancient breed native to Scandinavia, with origins dating back roughly 4,000 to 6,000 years. Archaeological evidence, including dog skeletons found in Norway from the Stone Age, confirms its long-standing presence in the region. The breed was highly prized by the Vikings and Scandinavian peoples as a versatile hunting dog, guardian, and herder. Its name, Elghund in Norwegian, translates to "moose dog," reflecting its primary role in hunting large game such as moose (elk), bears, and wolves. The breed's lineage is closely linked to other northern spitz-type dogs and includes a unique genetic heritage involving ancient wolf-dog hybridization in northern Scandinavia.
Development: The Norwegian Elkhound was developed to endure the harsh, rugged terrain and severe climate of Norway. It is a hardy, agile, and intelligent dog, capable of independently tracking, cornering, and holding moose at bay by barking loudly to alert hunters. The breed’s hunting technique involves barking only when the moose is stationary, and it can also drive game toward hunters. Besides hunting, the Elkhound served as a guardian and herder, showcasing versatility on farms and in the wilderness. The breed’s physical and behavioral traits have remained relatively unchanged for thousands of years, with the earliest recorded pedigrees dating back to 1865. Dog shows featuring Elkhounds began in Norway in the late 19th century.
Recognition: The Norwegian Elkhound was introduced to England and the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was first registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1930. The Norwegian Elkhound Association of America was formed in 1935, adopting the Norwegian breed standard as the official AKC standard. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognizes two varieties: the Gray Norwegian Elkhound (the type most common in the U.S.) and the Black Norwegian Elkhound. The breed is classified in the Working Group by the AKC and is celebrated for its distinctive silver-gray coat, curled tail, and erect ears.
Today, the Norwegian Elkhound remains a beloved companion, hunting dog, and guardian. It is known for its stamina, intelligence, and loyalty, thriving in active households with ample exercise and mental stimulation. The breed excels in tracking, search and rescue, agility, and obedience, while maintaining strong protective instincts. Norwegian Elkhounds are friendly and affectionate with family but can be reserved or independent, requiring consistent training. They typically stand 19–21 inches tall, weigh 48–55 pounds, and have a dense, weather-resistant coat suited to cold climates. The Norwegian Elkhound continues to embody the spirit of its Viking ancestors as a courageous and versatile northern dog.

Ideal Owner

Active individuals or families who enjoy outdoor life and want a loyal, hardy companion

Similar Breeds

Keeshond, Finnish Spitz, Norwegian Buhund, Swedish Elkhound