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Dog Breed

Keeshond

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Keeshond

Origin: Netherlands

Breed Group: Non-Sporting

Physical Characteristics

Size: Medium

Height: Male: 18 inches (46 cm), Female: 17 inches (43 cm)

Weight: Male: 35–45 lbs (16–20 kg), Female: 30–40 lbs (14–18 kg)

Coat Type: Thick, double coat; long, straight outer coat with a soft, dense undercoat

Coat Colors: Silver, black, and cream; distinctive “spectacles” around the eyes

Grooming Needs: High (frequent brushing to manage shedding and prevent mats)

Shedding: High

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Friendly, alert, affectionate, intelligent, lively

Intelligence Level: High

Energy Level: Moderate

Health Information

Lifespan: 12–15 years

Common Health Issues: Hip dysplasia, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, patellar luxation

Care

Nutrition Needs: High-quality, balanced diet; monitor weight to avoid joint stress

Exercise Needs: Moderate – enjoys daily walks and play, but doesn’t need excessive activity

Space Requirements: Very adaptable; suitable for apartments and homes alike

Noise Sensitivity: High (vocal and alert watchdog)

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: High

Socialization Tips: Highly intelligent and eager to please; responds well to positive reinforcement

Good with Children: Yes, generally sociable

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, generally sociable

Good with Other Pets: Yes, typically good with other animals

Training: Highly intelligent and eager to please; responds well to positive reinforcement

Description

The Keeshond (pronounced KAYZ-hawnd) is a cheerful and affectionate spitz-type breed originally used as a watchdog on Dutch canal boats. Known for their “spectacles” (distinctive facial markings) and thick, fluffy coats, Keeshonden are extremely loyal and social, thriving in family environments where they receive lots of attention.

Their dense double coat is high-shedding, particularly during seasonal coat blows, and requires frequent brushing (several times a week) to prevent matting. They are intelligent, highly trainable, and enjoy obedience, tricks, and moderate daily exercise, though they don’t need intense physical activity.

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History

Origin: The Keeshond, also known as the "Smiling Dutchman," has its roots in the Netherlands, where it was developed as a working-class dog and companion. The breed's name is derived from Cornelis (Kees) de Gyselaer, a leader of the Dutch Patriots Party in the late 18th century, and "hond," the Dutch word for dog. Keeshonds were originally known as Dutch Barge Dogs due to their role as watchdogs on barges traveling the Rhine.
Development: Keeshonds are closely related to German Spitz breeds, such as the Pomeranian and American Eskimo Dog. They were valued for their intelligence, agility, and protective instincts. During the late 18th century, the breed became a symbol of the Dutch Patriots, but its popularity waned when the House of Orange returned to power. By the early 20th century, efforts were made to revive the breed, notably by Baroness van Hardenbroek in the 1920s.
Global Spread: The Keeshond was introduced to England in the late 19th century and developed further from imports from both the Netherlands and Germany. It was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1930. During World War II, Keeshonds played a role in the Allied Resistance, but their numbers were threatened by German soldiers targeting them.
Recognition: The Keeshond is recognized by major kennel clubs worldwide, including the AKC and FCI. It is classified in the non-sporting group due to its versatile nature as both a companion and watchdog. The breed is celebrated for its distinctive silver and black coat, fox-like face, and curled tail.
Today, the Keeshond is cherished as a family pet and companion dog. It thrives in active households that can provide regular exercise and mental stimulation. While generally healthy, the breed may be prone to hip dysplasia and eye issues. Its popularity as a family dog continues to grow due to its gentle nature and adaptability to various living conditions.

Ideal Owner

Families, first-time owners, or anyone seeking a loyal, cheerful, and fluffy companion

Similar Breeds

Finnish Spitz, American Eskimo Dog, Samoyed, Pomeranian