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Dog Breed

Xoloitzcuintli

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Xoloitzcuintli

Origin: Mexico

Breed Group: Non-Sporting

Physical Characteristics

Size: Toy, Miniature, and Standard

Height: Toy: 10–14 inches (25–36 cm), Miniature: 14–18 inches (36–46 cm), Standard: 18–23 inches (46–58 cm)

Weight: Toy: 10–15 lbs (4.5–7 kg), Miniature: 15–30 lbs (7–14 kg), Standard: 30–55 lbs (14–25 kg)

Coat Type: Hairless (smooth skin) or coated (short and dense)

Coat Colors: Black, gray, bronze, fawn, red, spotted

Grooming Needs: Low

Shedding: Minimal (coated variety)

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Loyal, intelligent, alert, affectionate

Intelligence Level: High

Energy Level: Moderate

Health Information

Lifespan: 13–18 years

Common Health Issues: Skin sensitivity, dental issues (hairless variety), hip dysplasia

Care

Nutrition Needs: Balanced diet; small breeds need portion control

Exercise Needs: 30–60 minutes daily; enjoys walks and playtime

Space Requirements: Adaptable; suitable for apartments or homes with yards

Noise Sensitivity: Moderate

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: High

Socialization Tips: Highly intelligent but independent; responds best to positive reinforcement.

Good with Children: Yes, social but can be reserved with unfamiliar dogs.

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, social but can be reserved with unfamiliar dogs.

Good with Other Pets: Yes, especially with early socialization.

Training: Highly intelligent but independent; responds best to positive reinforcement.

Description

The Xoloitzcuintli (Xolo) is an ancient breed, highly valued for its unique appearance and deep cultural significance in Aztec history. They are loyal and protective of their families, but can be shy with strangers, making early socialization essential. The hairless variety requires special skincare, including moisturizing and sun protection, while the short-haired variety sheds very little. Training is easy due to their high intelligence, but they also have an independent streak. Their energy levels are moderate, meaning they need regular exercise but are not overly demanding.

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History

The Xoloitzcuintli, commonly referred to as the Xolo or Mexican Hairless Dog, is one of the oldest dog breeds, with a history dating back over 3,000 years to the Aztec and Mayan civilizations in Mexico. The breed's name comes from the Aztec god Xolotl and the Nahuatl word "itzcuintli," meaning dog.

Key Points

Ancient Origins: The Xoloitzcuintli was revered by the Aztecs and other indigenous cultures for its sacred role in guiding souls to the afterlife. It was also used for hunting and guarding.
Ceremonial Significance: Xolos were often buried with their owners to serve as guides in the underworld. They were also believed to have healing properties and were used in rituals.
Spanish Conquest: Following the Spanish conquest, the breed's population declined significantly due to consumption as food and crossbreeding with European dogs.
Revival Efforts: In the mid-20th century, efforts were made to revive the breed. The Xoloitzcuintli was officially recognized in Mexico in 1956 and became the country's national dog.
International Recognition: The breed was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2011 and is also recognized by kennel clubs in Canada and Europe.
Today, the Xoloitzcuintli is celebrated for its unique appearance, rich cultural heritage, and affectionate nature, making it a beloved companion worldwide.

Dog Breed

Xoloitzcuintli

Breed Overview

Physical Characteristics

Behavioral Traits

Health Information

Care

Socialization and Training

Description

History

Key Points

Ideal Owner

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