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Dog Breed

Irish Water Spaniel

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Irish Water Spaniel

Origin: Ireland

Breed Group: Sporting

Physical Characteristics

Size: Medium to Large

Height: Male: 22–24 inches (56–61 cm), Female: 21–23 inches (53–58 cm)

Weight: Male: 55–68 lbs (25–31 kg), Female: 45–58 lbs (20–26 kg)

Coat Type: Dense, tight curls; water-resistant double coat with a distinct “rat tail”

Coat Colors: Solid liver (rich, dark brown)

Grooming Needs: High (regular brushing and trimming to prevent matting)

Shedding: Low

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Intelligent, energetic, loyal, playful, inquisitive

Intelligence Level: High

Energy Level: High

Health Information

Lifespan: 12–13 years

Common Health Issues: Hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism, allergies, ear infections

Care

Nutrition Needs: Balanced, high-quality diet; adjust portions for energy needs

Exercise Needs: High – requires daily vigorous activity, swimming, retrieving, and mental stimulation

Space Requirements: Best with a yard or access to open space; adaptable to active urban homes

Noise Sensitivity: Moderate

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: High

Socialization Tips: Very trainable and eager to learn; excels with consistent, positive reinforcement

Good with Children: Yes, generally friendly and tolerant

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, generally friendly and tolerant

Good with Other Pets: Yes, with proper introduction

Training: Very trainable and eager to learn; excels with consistent, positive reinforcement

Description

The Irish Water Spaniel is the tallest of the spaniels, known for its tight, curly, water-repellent coat and rat-like tail. Bred in Ireland for waterfowl retrieval, this breed is a natural swimmer, highly intelligent, and enthusiastic in the field. Their coat is low-shedding and often considered hypoallergenic, but it requires regular brushing and professional grooming to prevent matting and maintain curl definition.

They are loyal and playful, making them excellent companions for active families, and their sharp mind means they excel in training and dog sports. With high energy levels, they need daily exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom.

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History

Origin: The Irish Water Spaniel is one of Ireland's oldest dog breeds, with roots tracing back centuries. It belongs to the family of spaniels, which were historically divided into land and water varieties. The breed's modern form emerged in the mid-19th century, combining traits from two distinct strains: the South Country Water Spaniel and the North Country Water Spaniel. The South Country variety, with its solid liver-colored coat and long feathered ears, became the dominant influence on today's Irish Water Spaniel.
Development: The breed was refined by Justin McCarthy of Dublin in the 1830s, who is credited with standardizing its type through his famous dog "Boatswain." McCarthy either preserved a dying breed or created a new one by blending local varieties and possibly other breeds such as Poodles and Barbets. The Irish Water Spaniel was bred for versatility, excelling as a waterfowl retriever in cold waters and a hunting companion on land. Its dense curly coat and webbed feet made it an exceptional swimmer.
Global Spread: The Irish Water Spaniel gained popularity in Ireland and England for its retrieving prowess and hardy disposition. By the 1870s, it was introduced to North America, where it quickly gained recognition. The American Kennel Club officially recognized the breed in 1878, making it one of the earliest registered breeds in the U.S..
Recognition: The Irish Water Spaniel is recognized by major kennel clubs worldwide, including the AKC, UKC, CKC, and FCI. It is classified under sporting or gundog groups due to its hunting abilities. Distinctive features include its topknot of loose curls, solid liver-colored coat, and tapering "rat tail," which set it apart from other spaniels.
Today, the Irish Water Spaniel remains a rare breed globally but is cherished for its intelligence, high energy, and versatility. It excels in hunting trials, dog sports like agility and obedience, and as a family companion. While generally good-natured and affectionate with family members, early socialization is essential to ensure compatibility with children or other pets. Known as the "clown" of the spaniel family for its playful nature, this breed thrives in active households that can meet its exercise and grooming needs.

Ideal Owner

Active individuals or families, especially those who enjoy the outdoors and water

Similar Breeds

Poodle, Portuguese Water Dog, Curly-Coated Retriever, American Water Spaniel