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Dog Breed

Portuguese Water Dog

Breed Overview

Breed Name: Portuguese Water Dog

Origin: Portugal

Breed Group: Working

Physical Characteristics

Size: Medium

Height: Male: 20–23 inches (51–58 cm), Female: 17–21 inches (43–53 cm)

Weight: Male: 42–60 lbs (19–27 kg), Female: 35–50 lbs (16–23 kg)

Coat Type: Dense, curly or wavy single coat; waterproof

Coat Colors: Black, white, brown, or combinations (black & white, brown & white)

Grooming Needs: High (regular brushing and trimming required)

Shedding: Low (hypoallergenic)

Behavioral Traits

Temperament: Energetic, loyal, intelligent, adventurous, affectionate

Intelligence Level: Very High

Energy Level: High

Health Information

Lifespan: 11–14 years

Common Health Issues: Hip dysplasia, GM1 storage disease, PRA (Progressive Retinal Atrophy), Addison’s disease

Care

Nutrition Needs: High-quality, balanced diet for active dogs

Exercise Needs: High – thrives on swimming, running, and engaging activities

Space Requirements: Adaptable, but best with a yard or active lifestyle

Noise Sensitivity: Moderate

Socialization and Training

Socialization Needs: High

Socialization Tips: Very intelligent and eager to please; excels in obedience, agility, and water sports

Good with Children: Yes, typically friendly and sociable

Good with Other Dogs: Yes, typically friendly and sociable

Good with Other Pets: Yes, with proper introductions

Training: Very intelligent and eager to please; excels in obedience, agility, and water sports

Description

The Portuguese Water Dog (PWD) is a versatile, hardworking breed originally bred to assist Portuguese fishermen with retrieving gear, herding fish into nets, and water rescues. These dogs are athletic, loyal, and incredibly smart, making them excellent companions for active families, competitive dog sports, or even service and therapy roles.

PWDs have a dense, water-resistant coat that can be curly or wavy, and while it’s low-shedding and hypoallergenic, it requires regular grooming, brushing, and trimming every 4–6 weeks. These dogs thrive on mental stimulation and physical activity, and they love to swim, play, and work.

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History

Origin: The Portuguese Water Dog (PWD) originated along the coast of Portugal, particularly in the Algarve region, with a history dating back possibly as far as 200 B.C. The breed developed from various water dogs brought to the Iberian Peninsula by successive invaders, including the Romans, Visigoths, and Moors. These dogs interbred over centuries to form a sturdy, longhaired water-working dog prized by Portuguese fishermen. The PWD was used to herd fish into nets, retrieve lost tackle or broken nets, and ferry messages between ships and shore.
Development: In the early 20th century, the breed was near extinction until Vasco Bensaude, a Portuguese shipping magnate, began a dedicated breeding program in the 1930s to preserve the PWD. He acquired key foundation dogs, including a famous stud named Leão, who became the ancestor of about half of modern PWDs. Bensaude’s efforts, supported by veterinarians and later breeders such as António Cabral and American Deyanne Miller, helped establish a stable genetic pool and a breed standard. The PWD’s distinctive curly or wavy coat and its working ability were emphasized during this revival.
Recognition: The Portuguese Water Dog is recognized by major kennel clubs worldwide, including the American Kennel Club (AKC), which officially recognized the breed in 1984. It is also recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and the United Kennel Club (UKC). The breed gained additional popularity in the United States when it became the choice of President Barack Obama’s family, further raising its profile.
Today, the Portuguese Water Dog is known for its intelligence, athleticism, and affectionate nature. It remains an excellent swimmer and enjoys activities that engage its working instincts. The breed is valued as both a family companion and a versatile sporting dog. Its low-shedding, curly or wavy coat makes it popular among people with allergies, although no dog breed is truly hypoallergenic. Portuguese Water Dogs require regular grooming, exercise, and mental stimulation to thrive.

Ideal Owner

Active individuals or families who enjoy outdoor adventures and want a smart, non-shedding dog

Similar Breeds

Poodle, Lagotto Romagnolo, Spanish Water Dog, Irish Water Spaniel